Homepage
Brief Bio

Research
Extension

Publications

Peer-Reviewed Journal Articles

Lamb, A.B., S.M. Salom, and L.T.Kok.   Confined field release of Laricobius nigrinus [Coleoptera: Derodontidae], a predator of the hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae [Homoptera: Adelgidae], in Virginia. Can. J. For. Res. (in press).

Flowers, R.W., S.M. Salom, and L.T. Kok. 2005.   Competitive interactions among three exotic predators of the hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae.   Env. Entomol. 34: 664-675. Download as a .pdf file

Fettig, Christopher J., Jeffrey G. Fidgen, and Scott M. Salom. 2005. A review of sampling procedures available for IPM decision-making of forest and shade tree insects of North America. J. Aboriculture. 31: 38-47.

Lamb, A.B., S.M. Salom, and L.T. Kok.  2005. Survival and reproduction of Laricobius nigrinus Fender (Coleoptera: Derodontidae), a predator of hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae Annand (Homoptera: Adelgidae) in field cages.   Biological Control. 32: 200-207. Download as a .pdf file 

Zilahi-Balogh, G.M.G., C.D. Broeckling, L.T. Kok, and   S.M. Salom. 2005.  Comparison between a native and exotic adelgid as hosts for Laricobius rubidus (Coleoptera: Derodontidae).   Biocontrol Science and Technology. 15:165-171. Download as a .pdf file

Zilahi-Balogh, G.M.G., S.M. Salom, and L.T. Kok. 2003. Temperature-dependent development of the specialist predator Laricobius nigrinus Fender (Coleoptera: Derodontidae). Environ. Entomol. 32: 1322-1328. Download as a .pdf file

Broeckling, C.D. and S.M. Salom. 2003. Antennal morphology of two specialist predators of hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae Annand (Homoptera: Adelgidae). Ann. Entomol Soc. Am. 96: 153-160. Download as a .pdf file

Broeckling, C.D. and S.M. Salom. 2003. Volatile emissions of eastern hemlock, Tsuga canadensis and the influence of hemlock woolly adelgid. Phytochemistry. 62: 175-180.

Zilahi-Balogh, G.M.G., L.M. Humble, A.B. Lamb, S.M. Salom, and L.T. Kok. 2003. Seasonal abundance and synchrony between Laricobius nigrinus (Coleoptera: Derodontidae) and its prey, the hemlock woolly adelgid (Homoptera: Adelgidae) in British Columbia. Can. Ent. 135: 103-115. Download as a .pdf file

Zilahi-Balogh, G.M.G., S.M. Salom, and L.T. Kok. 2003. Development and reproductive biology of Laricobius nigrinus Fender (Coleoptera: Derodontidae), a potential biological control agent of the hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae (Homoptera: Adelgidae). BioControl. 48: 293-306. Abstract Online

Salom, S.M., A.A. Sharov, W.T. Mays, and D.R. Gray. 2002. Influence of temperature on development of hemlock woolly adelgid (Homoptera: Adelgidae) progrediens. J. Entomol. Sci. 37: 166-176.

Zilahi-Balogh, G.M.G., L.T. Kok and S.M. Salom. 2002. Host specificity tests of Laricobius nigrinus Fender (Coleoptera: Derodontidae), a biological control agent of the hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae (Homoptera: Adelgidae). Biol. Control. 24: 192-198. Download as a .pdf file.

Salom, S.M., N.D. Stone, S.R. Clarke, J.G. Fidgen, B.Ward, Q. McClellan, and B. Benson. 2001. Using the tools of the information age to enhance research and management of the southern pine beetle. IPM Reviews. 6:303-310. Download as a .pdf file.

Salom, S.M., A.A. Sharov, W.T. Mays, and J.W. Neal, Jr. 2001. Evaluation of aestival diapause in hemlock woolly adelgid. Environ. Entomol. 30: 877-882. Download as a .pdf file.

Clarke, S.R., S.M. Salom, R.F. Billings, C.W. Berisford, W.W. Upton, Q.C. McClellan, and M.J. Dalusky. 1999. A scentsible approach to controlling southern pine beetles. J. For. 97: 26-31.

Fettig, C.J., S.M. Salom and J.O. Platt. 1998. Mark and recapture studies of Hylobius pales (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) for measuring bait and trap efficacy. J. Appl. Entomol. 122: 423-430.

Gray, D.R., R.A. Evans, and S.M. Salom. 1998. Hemlock woolly adelgid dispersion and the failure of binomial sampling to estimate population density. Environ. Entomol. 27:564-571.

Fettig, C.J. and S.M. Salom. 1998. Comparative effectiveness of two trapping methods for Hylobius pales (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) under different ground cover densities and their potential for forecasting seedling damage. Environ. Entomol. 27:572-577.

Salom, S.M., R.F. Billings, C.W. Berisford, S.R. Clarke, Q.L. McClellan, M.J. Dalusky, T.J. Robinson, and J.E. Johnson. 1998. Basis for technology transfer of inhibitor-based suppression tactics for the southern pine beetle. So. J. Appl. For. 22:24-34.

Salom, S.M. 1997. Status and management of pales weevil in the eastern United States. Tree Planter's Notes. 48 (1-2): 4-11.

Grosman, D.M., S.M. Salom, F.W. Ravlin, and R.W. Young. 1997. Geographic and gender differences in the quantity and chirality of semiochemicals present in the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimm (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 90:438-446.

Hoffman, G.D., D.W.A. Hunt, S.M. Salom, and K.F. Raffa. 1997. Reproductive readiness and niche differences affect conifer root weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) to simulated host odors. Environ. Entomol. 26:91-100.

Salom, S.M., J. A. Gray, A.R. Alford, M. Mulesky, C.J. Fettig, S.A. Woods. 1996. Evaluation of natural products as antifeedants for the pales weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and as fungitoxins for Leptographium procerum. J. Entomol. Sci. 31:453-465.

Salom, S.M., D.M. Grosman, Q.C. McClellan, and T.L. Payne. 1995. Effect of an inhibitor-based suppression tactic on abundance and distribution of the southern pine beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) and its natural enemies. J. Econ. Entomol. 88:1703-1716.

Salom, S.M., J.A. Carlson, B.N. Ang, D.M. Grosman, and E.R. Day. 1994. Laboratory evaluation of biologically-based compounds as antifeedants for the pales weevil, Hylobius pales (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). J. Entomol. Sci. 29:407-419.

Hunt, D.W.A., G. Lintereur, S.M. Salom, and K.F. Raffa. 1993. Performance and preference of Hylobius radicis Buchannan, and H. pales (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on various Pinus species. Can. Entomol. 125:1003-1010.

Ascoli-Christensen, A., S.M. Salom, and T.L. Payne. 1993. Olfactory receptor cell responses of Ips grandicollis (Eichoff) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) to intra- and interspecific behavioral chemicals. J. Chem Ecol. 19:699-712.

Payne, T.L., R.F. Billings, C.W. Berisford, S.M. Salom, D.M. Grosman, M.J. Dalusky, and W.W. Upton. 1992. Disruption of Dendroctonus frontalis (Col. Scolytidae) infestations with an inhibitor pheromone. J. Appl. Entomol. 114:341-347.

Salom, S.M., A. Ascoli-Christensen, G. Birgersson, T.L. Payne, and C.W. Berisford. 1992. Electroantennogram response of the southern pine beetle parasitoid, Coeloides pissodis (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) to potential semiochemicals. J. Appl. Entomol. 114:972-979.

Grosman, D.M., S.M. Salom, and T.L. Payne. 1992. Laboratory study of conspecific avoidance by host colonizing Dendroctonus frontalis Zimm. (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). J. Ins. Behav. 5:263-271.

Salom, S.M., R.F. Billings, W.W. Upton, M.J. Dalusky, D.M. Grosman, T.L. Payne, C.W. Berisford, and T.D. Shaver. 1992. Effect of verbenone enantiomers and racemic endo-brevicomin on response of Dendroctonus frontalis (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) to attractant-baited traps. Can. J. For. Res. 22:925-931.

Salom, S.M. and J.A. McLean. 1991. Flight behavior of a scolytid beetle in response to semiochemicals at different wind speeds. J. Chem. Ecol. 17:647-661.

Salom, S.M. and J.A. McLean. 1991. Environmental influences on dispersal of Trypodendron lineatum (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Environ. Entomol. 20:565-576.

Salom, S.M., G. Birgersson, T.L. Payne, and C.W. Berisford. 1991. Electroantennogram response of the southern pine beetle parasitoid, Dinotiscus dendroctoni (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) to potential semiochemicals. J. Chem. Ecol. 17:2527-2538.

Salom, S.M. and J.A. McLean. 1990. Flight and landing behavior of Trypodendron lineatum (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in response to different semiochemicals. J. Chem. Ecol. 16:2589-2604

Salom, S.M. and J.A. McLean. 1990. Dispersal of Trypodendron lineatum (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) within a valley setting. Can. Entomol. 122:43-58.

McLean, J.A. and S.M. Salom. 1989. Relative abundance of ambrosia beetles in an old-growth western hemlock/Pacific silver fir forest and adjacent harvesting areas. West. J. Appl. For. 4:132-136.

Salom, S.M. and J.A. McLean. 1989. Influence of wind on the spring flight of Trypodendron lineatum (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in a second-growth coniferous forest. Can. Entomol. 121:109-119.

Salom, S.M. and J.A. McLean. 1988. Semiochemicals for capturing the ambrosia beetle, Trypodendron lineatum, in multiple-funnel traps in British Columbia. J. Entomol. Soc. B.C. 85:34-39.

Salom, S.M., F.M. Stephen, L.C. Thompson. 1987. Development rates and temperature-dependent modeling of pales weevil, Hylobius pales (Herbst) development. Environ. Entomol. 16:956-962.

Salom, S.M., F.M. Stephen, L.C. Thompson. 1986. Development of Hylobius pales (Herbst) immatures in two types of phloem media. J. Entomol. Sci. 21:43-51.

Book Chapter

Raffa, K.F., T.W. Phillips, and S.M. Salom. 1993. Mechanisms and strategies of host colonization by bark beetles. pp. 103-128. In T.D. Schowalter and G.M. Filip (eds.). Beetle-Pathogen Interactions in Conifer Forests. Academic Press Ltd., London.

Papers in Conference Proceedings

Eisenback, Brian M., Jeffrey G. Fidgen, Scott M. Salom, and Loke T. Kok.   2005.   Effects of systemic, sublethal doses of imidacloprid on two predators of hemlock woolly adelgid.   Pp. 278-279.   Abstract.   In Onken, B. and R. Reardon (Compilers).   3rd Symposium on hemlock woolly adelgid in the eastern United States.   Asheville, NC.   FHTET-2005-01. Link to Proceedings

Fidgen, J.G., D.E. Legg, and S.M. Salom.   2005.   Binomial sampling plan for Adelges tsugae on eastern hemlock.   Pp. 56.   Abstract.   In Onken, B. and R. Reardon (Compilers).   3rd Symposium on hemlock woolly adelgid in the eastern United States.   Asheville, NC.   FHTET-2005-01. Link to Proceedings

Flowers, Robbie W., Scott M. Salom, and Loke T. Kok.   2005.   Competitive interactions among two biological control agents of hemlock woolly adelgid and an established predator in southwestern Virginia.   Pp. 290 - 292. Abstract.   In Onken, B. and R. Reardon (Compilers).   3rd Symposium on hemlock woolly adelgid in the eastern United States.   Asheville, NC.   FHTET-2005-01. Link to Proceedings

Lamb, A.B., S.M. Salom, and L.T. Kok.   2005.   Guidelines for rearing Laricobius nigrinus Fender.   Pp. 309 - 318.   In Onken, B. and R. Reardon (Compilers).   3rd Symposium on hemlock woolly adelgid in the eastern United States.   Asheville, NC.   FHTET-2005-01. Link to Proceedings

McAvoy, Tom, Warren T. Mays, Scott M. Salom, and Loke T. Kok.   2005.   Impact of imidacloprid on hemlock woolly adelgid and water quality at Mt. Lake, Virginia.   Pp. 324 - 334. In Onken, B. and R. Reardon (Compilers).   3rd Symposium on hemlock woolly adelgid in the eastern United States.   Asheville, NC.   FHTET-2005-01. Link to Proceedings

Mausel, D.L., S.M. Salom, and L.T. Kok.   2005.   Experimental releases of Laricobius nigrinus for biological control of hemlock woolly adelgid in the eastern U.S.   2005.   Pp. 134.   Abstract.   In Onken, B. and R. Reardon (Compilers).   3 rd Symposium on hemlock woolly adelgid in the eastern United States.   Asheville, NC.   FHTET-2005-01. Link to Proceedings

Salom, S.M., L.T. Kok, B.M. Eisenback, J.G. Fidgen, R.W. Flowers, H.A. Gatton, A.B. Lamb, T.J. McAvoy, D.L. Mausel, and G. Zilahi-Balogh.   2005.   Overview of HWA biological control activities with Laricobius spp.   Pp. 131-133. Abstract.   In Onken, B. and R. Reardon (Compilers).   3rd Symposium on hemlock woolly adelgid in the eastern United States.   Asheville, NC.   FHTET-2005-01. Link to Proceedings

Gatton, H.A., T.J. McAvoy, G. Zilahi-Balogh, L.T. Kok and S.M. Salom.   2004.   Summary of foreign exploration efforts for the hemlock woolly adelgid at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. P. 32.   In Reardon R. and B. Onken (Compilers).   Hemlock woolly Adelgid Biological Control Committee Meeting.   Annapolis, MD.   USDA Forest Service FHTET-2004-08.

Lamb, A.B., D.L. Mausel, J.G. Fidgen, R.W. Flowers, B.M. Eisenback, S.M. Salom, and L.T. Kok.   2004.   Summary of Laricobius nigrinus biological control efforts at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Pp. 21-22.   In Reardon R. and B. Onken (Compilers).   Hemlock woolly Adelgid Biological Control Committee Meeting.   Annapolis, MD.   USDA Forest Service FHTET-2004-08.

Broeckling, C.D. and S.M. Salom. 2002. Behavioral responses of two hemlock woolly adelgid specialist predators using olfaction to locate hosts or host habitat. Pp. 235 – 247. In: Onken, B., R. Reardon, and J. Lashomb (eds). Proceedings: Hemlock woolly adelgid in the eastern United States symposium. Link to Proceedings

Broeckling, C.D. and S.M. Salom. 2002. Feeding on volatile emissions of eatern hemlock, Tsuga canadensis. Pp. 316 (abstract). In: Onken, B., R. Reardon, and J. Lashomb (eds). Proceedings: Hemlock woolly adelgid in the eastern United States symposium. Link to Proceedings

Fidgen, J.G., Q.C. McClellan and S.M. Salom. 2002. Efficacy and residual activity of two systemic insecticides for control of hemlock woolly adelgid on young eastern hemlocks. Pp. 329-334. In: Onken, B., R. Reardon, and J. Lashomb (eds). Proceedings: Hemlock woolly adelgid in the eastern United States symposium. Link to Proceedings

Kok, L.T. and S.M. Salom. 2002. Possible use of field insectaries to rear Hemlock woolly adelgid predators. Pp. 225-232. In: Onken, B., R. Reardon, and J. Lashomb (eds). Proceedings: Hemlock woolly adelgid in the eastern United States symposium. Link to Proceedings

Lamb, A.B., S.M. Salom, and L.T. Kok. 2002. Field evaluation and improvement of rearing procedures for Laricobius nigrinus (Coleoptera: Derodontidae), a predator of hemlock woolly adelgid. Pp. 189-196. In: Onken, B., R. Reardon, and J. Lashomb (eds). Proceedings: Hemlock woolly adelgid in the eastern United States symposium. Link to Proceedings

Salom, S.M. 2002. Implications of preventing the induction of diapause in hemlock woolly adelgid. 2002. pp. 221-224. In: Onken, B., R. Reardon, and J. Lashomb (eds). Proceedings: Hemlock woolly adelgid in the eastern United States symposium. Link to Proceedings

Zilahi-Balogh, G.M.G., L.T. Kok, and S.M. Salom. 2002. A review of world-wide biological control efforts for the Family Adelgidae. Pp. 129-140. In: Onken, B., R. Reardon, and J. Lashomb (eds). Proceedings: Hemlock woolly adelgid in the eastern United States symposium. Link to Proceedings

Zilahi-Balogh, G.M.G., L.T. Kok, and S.M. Salom. 2002. Morphological descriptions of Laricobius nigrinus (Coleoptera: Derodontidae), a predator of the hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae (Homoptera: Adelgidae). Pp. 364. (Abstract). In: Onken, B., R. Reardon, and J. Lashomb (eds). Proceedings: Hemlock woolly adelgid in the eastern United States symposium. Link to Proceedings

Salom, S.M., M.S. McClure, M.E. Montgomery, G. Zilahi-Balogh, and L.T. Kok. 2001. Hemlock woolly adelgid in the United States: status of ongoing biological control research. pp. 87-97. In Alfaro, R., K. Day, S. Salom, A. Liebhold, H. Evans, F. Lieutier, M. Wagner, K. Futai, K. Suzuki, and K.S.S. Nair (eds.). Protection of world forests: advances in research. IUFRO World Series Vol. 11. IUFRO Secretariat, Vienna, Austria.

Salom, S.M., R.F. Billings, C.W. Berisford, S.R. Clarke, Q.C. Mclellan, W.W. Upton, and M.J. Dalusky. 1997. Integrating tree felling with application of an inhibitor pheromone for suppressing southern pine beetle infestations. pp. 39-53. In Gregoire, J.C., A.M. Liebhold, F.M. Stephen, K.R. Day, and S.M. Salom (eds.). Proceedings: Integrating cultural tactics into the management of bark beetle and reforestation pests. USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rept. NE-236.

Clarke, S.R., R.F. Billings, S.M. Salom, C.W. Berisford. 1997. Technology transfer of treatments using verbenone for the suppression of southern pine beetle infestations. pp. 95 - 100. In Gregoire, J.C., A.M. Liebhold, F.M. Stephen, K.R. Day, and S.M. Salom (eds.). Proceedings: Integrating cultural tactics into the management of bark beetle and reforestation pests. USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rept. NE-236.

Gray, D.R. and S.M. Salom. 1996. Biology of hemlock woolly adelgid in the southern Appalachians. pp. 16-25. In Salom, S.M., T.C. Tigner, and R.C. Reardon (eds.). Proceedings of the First Hemlock Woolly Adelgid Review. Charlottesville, VA. Oct. 12, 1995. USDA For. Serv. FHTET 96-10.

Billings, R.F., C.W. Berisford, S.M. Salom, and T.L. Payne. 1995. Applications of semiochemicals in the management of southern pine beetle infestations: current status of research. pp. 30-38. In Salom, S.M. and K.R. Hobson (eds.). Application of semiochemicals for management of bark beetle infestations - Proceedings of an Informal Conference. USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rept. INT-GTR-318.

Salom, S.M., D.M. Grosman, Q.C. McClellan, B. Ang, and T.L. Payne. 1995. Effect of a verbenone suppression treatment on the southern pine beetle and its natural enemies. pp. 292-312. In Hain, F.P., S.M. Salom, F.W. Ravlin, T.L. Payne, and K.F. Raffa (eds.). Behavior, population dynamics and control of forest insects. Proc. Joint Conf. of IUFRO Working Parties. Ohio State University Press.

Miscellaneous Govt. Publications

Cheah,C., M. Montgomery, S. Salom, B. Parker, M. Skinner, and S. Costa. (Tech. Coordinators: R. Reardon and B. Onken). 2004. Biological control of the hemlock woolly adelgid.   USDA Forest Service. FHTET-2004-04. 22 pp. (Also available online at: http://www.invasive.org/hwa/index.cfm).

Fettig, C.J., J.G. Fidgen, Q.C. McClellan, and S.M. Salom. 2002. Sampling methods for forest and shade tree insects of North America. USDA Forest Service. FHTET-2001-01. 273 pp. (Also available online at: http://everest.ento.vt.edu/~salom/Samplemeth/).

McClure, M.S., S.M. Salom, and K.S. Shields. 1996 and 2001. Hemlock woolly adelgid. USDA Forest Service Leaflets, FHTET 96-35 and 2001-03. (Go to this link to download the .pdf file http://www.fs.fed.us/na/morgantown/fhp/hwa/forest_service_links.htm)

Smith, M.T., S.M. Salom, and T.L. Payne. 1993. The southern pine beetle guild: an historical review of the complex olfactory communication system of the five principal species. VPI & SU, Agric. Exp. Stn. Bull. 93-4. 106 pp.

Editor of Conference Proceeedings

Coulson, R.N., K.D. Klepzig, T.E. Nebeker, F.L. Oliveria, S.M. Salom, F.M. Stephen, and H.J. Meyer.   (eds.)   2004.   The Research Development, and Applications Agenda for a Southern Pine Beetle Integrated Pest Management Program.   Proceedings of a Facilitated Workshop.   Mountain Lake, VA.   40 pp.

Alfaro, R., K. Day, S. Salom, A. Liebhold, H. Evans, F. Lieutier, M. Wagner, K. Futai, K. Suzuki, and K.S.S. Nair (eds.). 2001. Protection of world forests: advances in research. IUFRO World Series Vol 11. IUFRO Secretariat, Vienna, Austria. 253 pp.

Gregoire, J.C., A.M. Liebhold, F.M. Stephen, K.R. Day, and S.M. Salom (eds.). 1997. Integrating cultural tactics into the management of bark beetle and reforestation pests. Proc. of a Joint Conf. of IUFRO Working Parties S2.07-05: Integrated control of scolytid bark beetles, and S2.07-06: Population dynamics of forest insects. USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-236. 243 pp.

Salom, S.M. T.C. Tigner, and R.C. Reardon (eds.). 1996. Proceedings of the first hemlock woolly adelgid review. USDA For. Serv. FHTET 96-10. 129 pp.

Salom, S.M. and K.R. Hobson (eds.). 1995. Application of semiochemicals for management of bark beetle infestations - Proceedings of an Informal Conference. USDA For. Ser. Gen. Tech. Rept., INT-GTR-318. 54 pp.

Hain, F.P., S.M. Salom, F. W. Ravlin, T.L. Payne, and K.F. Raffa (eds.). 1995. Behavior, population dynamics and control of forest insects. Proc. of a Joint Conf. of IUFRO Working Parties S2.07-05: Integrated control of scolytid bark beetles, and S2.07-06: Population dynamics of forest insects. Ohio State University Press. 644 pp.

Last updated 07/29/05